一 : 8在法制社会中女性的权益得到保障

在社会发展中不断完善女性的合法权益，从政治，经济，人权等方面建立健全法律法规，为女性的人身权益落实保驾护航，这是值得世人称赞的好事。现在是法制社会，一切依据法律法规来办事，这样才能理直气壮，在社会上才有说话的权力，人身权益受到国家各项法规的保护。

女性是社会中的一个不可缺少的主体，与男性共同组合成一个完整的国家人口体系。在过去，女性受到不平等的社会制度制约，失去人身自由，没有政治地位，经济依赖于男性，没有独立的经济权，人权也是如此，一切服从男性的主宰。女性完全变成了男性的附属品，这是男尊女卑封建思想观念起的作用。为何会有如此的结果，在封建时代，没有健全的法规，加上文化教育上不去，大众中基层人物对法规不懂，家权，族权成为社会的口头法律。女性由于千年封建制度的压迫，一直没有说话的权利，只能是逆来顺受，无力与男性抗争。可以说，男性是社会的主宰者，家庭中的霸主，不管对与错，一切听从男人的安排调度，女性根本没有发言权和参与权。这种社会现象比比皆是，遍及社会的各个角度。经济发达地区，文化水平相对高一些的地区，人们的思想观念相对开放一些，女性的社会地位从某种角度上有些体现，而那些交通闭塞，文化落后的偏远地区，女性沦入社会的最底层，人权无从谈起，过着非人的生活。例如，周立波《暴风骤雨》电影剧本描述的地主老财给小儿娶的童养媳妇，年龄相差悬殊不说，这个女人在那个家庭一点人身自由没有，但封建思想约束她的思想，所以，她忍辱负重，逆来顺受挣扎在那个悲惨的世界里。她就是旧社会亿万女性的典型代表。女性也曾与社会以死来抗争，但最终的结局是无法唤醒社会大众，对沉痛的历史视而不见，习以为常，这是千百年封建思想在作怪，导致的历史悲剧。

民主革命时期，一些优秀的女性在大革命的熏陶下，思想从旧的约束中解放出来，投身革命事业，以自身的力量奉献给中华民族，为中国的解放事业建立了不朽的功勋。这些伟大的女性，她们浴血奋战，与封建的旧社会制度抗争，冲破千年的枷索，追求着人身自由，人权保障，为中华女性树立了光辉的榜样。新中国成立，以何香凝、宋庆龄、邓颖超、康克清等老一辈革命家，在女性权益上献计献策，为女性的人身权益而奔波，把中华女性的保护法规写入中国的《宪法》中，从此中华女性从旧的社会制度，旧的封建思想观念中解放出来，获得了新生，走向社会，走向人身自由。所有的这一切均体现出国家的法律法规为女性的人身权益保驾护航，女性才理直气壮地活跃在社会上，接受文化教育，参与社会经济建设，为国家的发展献计献策，政治地位得到了彰显。婚姻法的实施，废除了一夫多妻制的腐朽封建制度，女性的婚姻恋爱自由得到国家法律的有效保护，从此，没有了买卖婚姻，童养媳妇的悲剧不再重演，女性从千年的陈旧思想中解放出来。赵树理《小二黑结婚》就是描述中国女性在婚姻上追求自由的一个典型事例。女性不再受封建制度，封建思想的束缚，从男性的权力阴影下走出，投身社会，成为经济建设的一支生力军，推动新中国社会快速发展。

《宪法》是一个国家的大法，是一切法律的纲，其他法律是建立在《宪法》基础上的。不管是男性，还是女性，都要遵守国家的《宪法》及相关的法规，以法律的准绳为行动纲领。任何触犯法律的行为，都要接受法规的制裁，付出沉重的代价。法律是一把双刃剑，它保护你的权益，呵护你的人身自由，但触犯法规同样要受到法规的惩处。这就是《宪法》的社会效益，也是人类社会言行的指南针。社会在向前发展，形势也在不断的转变，国家法律法规也随着不断的完善，对社会的各种言行进行着合理的规范，引导社会和谐发展，推动人类社会健康平稳向前过渡。法规不是虚设的摆设，而是要全民遵守执行。在国家法规面前人人平等，没有特权而言。女性的解放，人身权益的实施也是在国家法规范畴内进行。

（未完待续）

二 : 看看我的《中华人民共和国住房保障法》

看看我的《中华人民共和国住房保障法》
《中华人民共和国住房保障法》
（核心内容建议稿）
2013年7月
左华衡


第一章 总则
第×条 【立法目的】为了保障中华人民共和国公民在中华人民共和国境内有房屋居住，根据《中华人民共和国宪法》制定本法。
第×条 【适应范围】本法适用中华人民共和国境内城镇和农村，适用基本住房保障和商品房住房保障。
第×条 【基本原则】国家住房保障坚持城乡兼顾和多层次保障原则。
第二章 基本住房
第×条 【居者有其房含义】凡中华人民共和国公民，都有权在中华人民共和国境内拥有一处住房。国家保障任何公民有房屋居住。
第×条 【居者有其房的内容】农村村民的宅基地依照《中华人民共和国土地管理法》有关规定办理。没有实行集中供养的农村“五保户”和无房居住的“低保户”，其所在的农村经济组织要保障其有房屋居住。
国家保障城镇居民每户拥有一处住房，这一处住房可以是公房，也可以是自己购买的私房，其住房面积不得低于或超过省、自治区、直辖市规定的标准。
本法所指公房，又称基本住房或保障性住房，是指所有权属于国家的房屋，就是公有住房或国有住房的简称。是指房屋所有权属于房屋所在地的各级人民政府，房屋登记按照《房屋登记办法》中的规定，由房屋所在地的房屋登记机构办理。房屋管理由房屋所在地的各级人民政府统一管理。
公房分为二类，一类是免租公房，所谓免租公房就是国家无偿（不收取租金）提供给城镇居民中无房住户居住的公房。一类是廉租公房，所谓廉租公房就是国家有偿（收取租金）提供给城镇居民中无房住户居住的公房。
本法所指商品房又称私房，是指房屋所有权属于房屋买受人，其《土地使用证书》和《房屋所有权证书》的颁发依照《中华人民共和国城市房地产管理法》有关规定办理，房屋登记依照《房屋登记办法》有关规定办理。
本法所指住户是指双亲家庭包括新婚夫妇，单亲家庭，大龄（男二十八岁或以上，女二十六岁或以上）已经就业包括登记失业的未婚男女。
第×条 【居住免租公房的条件与退出】城镇低保户，可以向其发放低保费用的人民政府申请免租公房的居住。
拥有自己私房的住户则在合理期限内退出免租公房搬进自己的私房。没有自己私房的住户或者拥有私家小汽车的住户符合廉租公房住户条件的可以在上述条件成就之日起合理期限内申请廉租公房。
第×条 【居住廉租公房的条件与退出】城镇居民中没有私房的住户，可以向其户籍所在地或者居住地的人民政府申请廉租公房，国家每月向其收取租金，其租金标准由房屋所在地的各级人民政府参照其省、自治区、直辖市规定的标准执行。
拥有自己私房的住户则在合理期限内退出廉租公房搬进自己的私房。没有自己私房的住户符合免租公房住户条件的可以在上述条件成就之日起合理期限内申请免租公房。
第×条 【基本住房的置换】因就业、子女就学等原因需要调换基本住房的，申请人应当提出申请，基本住房管理部门批准，可以调换。
第×条 【居住公房的凭证和要求】凡取得公房居住权的住户，公房管理部门将向其颁发公房使用权证书，该使用权证书载明居住人员信息。
凡退出保障性住房的住户则要退回其居住证书。
公房只能由申请的住户人员居住，不能出租给第三人居住，更不能转让。
第×条 【基本住房的标准等】基本住房的标准、申请不同居室的基本住房的住户标准、廉租公房的租金和基本住房申请的程序等由房屋所在地的各级人民政府参照其省、自治区、直辖市规定的标准执行。但是一居室（一室一厅一厨一卫）最低面积为35平方米，二居室（二室一厅一厨一卫）最低面积为55平方米，三居室（三室一厅一厨一卫）最低面积为75平方米。
第×条 【基本住房保障的块块范围及其扩大】基本住房保障以公民户籍所在地的市、县政府行政区域为范围。国家鼓励地方政府在适当的时候扩大到公民所在的省、自治区、直辖市，并逐步扩大到全国范围。
第三章 基本住房的权属与管理
第×条 【基本住房的管理】省、自治区、直辖市要根据本法制定相应的管理办法或实施办法，对住房保障公房的建造、分配、维修、经营等管理工作制定相关制度和可行性操作规程，全面落实住房保障法。
第四章 基本住房的土地供应
第×条 【基本住房的土地供应】国家实行公房土地的划拨供应，具体由各级政府的土地资源管理部门负责。
国家保障公房土地供应，满足公房建设用地。
各省、自治区、直辖市要根据本地实际情况，做好公房土地、商品房土地、工业用地、商业用地和包括少量的别墅用地等其它用地的供应规划，报国务院批准。
第五章 基本住房的资金来源
第×条 【基本住房的资金来源】公房的新建和维修所需资金由各级人民政府负责。具体工作由公房管理部门责任落实。政府财政、税收、民政、社会保障等其他部门予以配合。
公房资金的来源于以下途径：
（1）中央和地方财政的补贴，每年都要按照财政收入的一定比例提取并存入各级政府基本住房保障的账户。
（2）公房的租金收入。
（3）商品房的税收（包括第二套商品房的房产税、商品房的交易税、商品房的遗产税等）。
（4）商品房的土地收入。
（5）住房公积金。
（6）公房的经营收入。
（7）政府接受单位和个人的自愿捐赠。
（8）其它。
第六章 基本住房的建设、维修和物业管理
第×条 【基本住房的建设】公房的建设由各地政府全面负责，具体工作由公房管理部门落实，国土资源管理部门、规划部门、住建部门、房屋登记部门等积极配合。通过公开招投标形式（工程造价设定一个合理区间）选定建筑施工企业和监理企业，保证公房建筑的质量和数量，禁止并严惩公房建筑的招投标、建筑施工、竣工验收、房屋维修等过程中的腐败行为。
第×条 【基本住房的维修】公房的维修由各地政府全面负责，具体工作由公房管理部门落实，公房物业管理企业实施。
第×条 【基本住房的物业管理】公房的住户均不缴纳物业管理费用。廉租公房的住户的物业管理费包含在房屋的租金中。公房的物业管理企业由公房管理部门与公房住户管理委员会共同决定和聘任。
第×条 【基本住房的住户的其他费用负担】基本住房的住户的其他费用是指水电费、煤气费、取暖费、有线电视费、网络费等日常生活的必要开支。免租公房的住户的上述费用由各级政府包干补贴，节约归己，超支自负。廉租公房的住户的上述费用由住户自己负担。
第七章 基本住房的房源
第×条 【基本住房的房源】基本住房通过下列途径取得：
1、收购、重组现在的公有住房。
2、没收违法犯罪所得的房屋。
3、收购现有的闲置的商品房和购买商品房业主自愿出售给政府的商品房。
4、收回不符合现在廉租房等保障性住房条件的住户房屋。
5、在建的廉租房、保障房。
6、新建的公房。
7、接受单位和个人自愿捐赠的房屋。
8、其他归国家所有的房屋。
第八章 农村村民基本住房保障
第×条【农村村民购买城镇商品房或申请公房的规定】农村村民可以到城镇购买商品房，按照每个家庭可以拥有二处商品房的规定，当其在城镇购买了二套商品房时，其在农村的住房应该出售给其所属的村民小组的村民，如果没有村民购买，由其村民小组按照评估价格购买作为其村民小组的公房。
到城镇就业或创业的农村居民，可以向其就业或创业所在地的人民政府申请廉租公房居住。
农村居民注销农村户籍或在农村没有住房时，又符合城镇低保户标准的，可以向其准备就业所在地的人民政府申请免租公房居住。
第×条 【城镇居民到农村创业住房问题的规定】城镇居民到农村承包“四荒地”或规模化经营村民的承包地时，依照《中华人民共和国农村土地承包法》的有关规定办理。经所在的农村经济组织同意，可以租赁该农村经济组织的公房或者建设临时住房。但该城镇居民对其临时住房没有土地使用权，只有临时住房的所有权，临时住房在创业终结后折价或按照其与农村经济组织所签的协议转让该农村经济组织。
第九章 商品房的土地地价与开发
第×条 【商品房的土地地价与开发】商品房的建筑开发交易等管理按照《中华人民共和国城市房地产管理法》有关规定办理。
国家对商品房的土地实行有偿供应，采取招拍挂的形式，为了防止低价甚至低于成本价的恶性竞争，保障商品房建设质量，在不突破地价的价格区间的情况下公开公平地评选合适的房地产开发企业。
国家限制房地产开发企业建设开发期限。房地产开发企业取得商品房的建设用地以后，要按照国家的法律规定和当地住房的规定，按时按量地进行商品房建设开发，严禁商品房开发企业囤地。
国家禁止商品房与商业用房混合建设，也就是禁止俗称商住两用房的建设。
各省、自治区、直辖市要根据本地实际情况作出商品房建设用地的规划和地价幅度，报国务院批准。
国家禁止各级政府在国务院批准的地价区间外高价出让国有土地，增加财政收入，禁止非法占用农用地进行房地产开发。禁止官商勾结以土地进行非法交易。
国家严惩房地产领域的违法犯罪行为。
第十章 商品房的销售价格与拥有
第×条 【商品房的销售价格与拥有】各省、自治区、直辖市要采取措施有效控制商品房的价格，要对商品房进行限价销售。根据商品房相应地价确定商品房的销售价格。商品房开发商在申报商品房预售许可证和现房销售证时，要同时申报商品房的销售价格，禁止开发商抬高价格或变相抬高价格销售商品房。
国家禁止房地产开发企业囤积已经建设的现房，限期销售。逾期未销售的，国家将按照地价加建设造价和适当利润进行收购作为公房或者向社会公开销售。
国家控制商品房的面积。任何一套商品房最大面积不得超过150平方米。任何一套别墅的最大面积不得超过300平方米。拥有别墅的计入其拥有的商品房套数内。
商品房的拥有量与税收。每个公民可以拥有一套商品房，禁止拥有二套商品房。当每个家庭拥有第二套商品房（不包括已经登记结婚的子女和达到婚龄未登记结婚的子女所有的商品房）时，要依法向国家缴纳房产税，公民继承私房的要依法缴纳遗产税，公民进行房地产交易时要依法缴纳房地产交易税。其税收征收办法由国务院规定。
第×条 【私房丧失的救济】拥有私房的住户丧失私房时可以申请公房住户居住。拥有私房的住户因其它事由丧失其私房时，符合免租公房住户条件的可以申请免租公房居住，符合廉租公房住户条件的可以申请廉租公房居住。
第十一章 法律责任（略）

本建议稿是根据本人《我为住房保障法立法建言献策》（之一至之十）编写而成。限于作者一人的能力、精力以及无法收集房地产市场和住房市场的第一手真实的资料。只能选择住房保障法中一个或几个问题进行分析和建议，只能根据现有的而且是自己有限的了解的法律法规以及资料进行分析，所以，其建议不一定可行，但愿起到抛砖引玉的作用，如果这样，本人将欣慰至极。

三 : 中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法-英汉对照法律英语

中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法

Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women

第一条为了保障妇女的合法权益，促进男女平等，充分发挥妇女在社会主义现代化建设中的作用，根据宪法和我国的实际情况，制定本法。

Article 1. In accordance with the Constitution and the actual conditions of the country, this Law is formulated to protect women's lawful rights and interests, promote the equality between men and women and allow full play to women's role in socialist modernization.

第二条妇女在政治的、经济的、文化的、社会的和家庭的生活等方面享有与男子平等的权利。

Article 2. Women shall enjoy equal rights with men in all aspects of political, economic, cultural, social and family life.

国家保护妇女依法享有的特殊权益，逐步完善对妇女的社会保障制度。

The state shall protect the special rights and interests enjoyed by women according to law, and gradually perfect its social security system with respect to women.

禁止歧视、虐待、残害妇女。

Discrimination against, maltreatment of, or cruel treatment in any manner causing injury even death of women shall be prohibited.

第三条保障妇女的合法权益是全社会的共同责任。国家机关、社会团体、企业事业单位、城乡基层群众性自治组织，应当依照本法和有关法律的规定，保障妇女的权益。

Article 3. The protection of women's lawful rights and interests is a common responsibility of the whole society. State organs, public organizations, enterprises and institutions as well as urban and rural mass organizations of self-government at the grass-roots level shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Law and other relevant laws, protect women's rights and interests.

国家采取有效措施，为妇女依法行使权利提供必要的条件。

The state shall take effective measures to provide necessary conditions for women to exercise their rights according to law.

第四条国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府，采取组织措施，协调有关部门做好妇女权益的保障工作。具体机构由国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府规定。

Article 4. The State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, by taking organizational measures, coordinate with relevant departments in ensuring the protection of women's rights and interests. The specific organs shall be designated by the State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

第五条中华全国妇女联合会和各级妇女联合会代表和维护各族各界妇女的利益，做好保障妇女权益的工作。

Article 5. The All-China Women's Federation and women's federations at various levels shall represent and uphold the rights of women of all nationalities and all walks of life, and strive for the protection of women's rights and interests.

工会、共产主义青年团，应当在各自的工作范围内，做好保障妇女权益的工作。

The trade unions and the Communist Youth League organizations shall also, within the scope of their respective work, strive for the protection of women's rights and interests.

第六条国家鼓励妇女自尊、自信、自立、自强，运用法律维护自身合法权益。

Article 6. The state shall encourage women to cultivate a sense of self-respect, self-confidence, self-reliance and self-strengthening, and to safeguard their own lawful rights and interests by utilizing law.

妇女应当遵守国家法律，尊重社会公德，履行法律所规定的义务。

Women shall abide by the laws of the state, respect social morality and perform their obligations prescribed by law.

第七条对保障妇女合法权益成绩显著的组织和个人，各级人民政府和有关部门给予表彰和奖励。

Article 7. People's governments at various levels and relevant departments shall commend and award the organizations and individuals that have made notable achievements in the protection of women's lawful rights and interests.

第二章政治权利

CHAPTER II POLITICAL RIGHTS

第八条国家保障妇女享有与男子平等的政治权利。

Article 8. The state shall guarantee that women enjoy equal political rights with men.

第九条妇女有权通过各种途径和形式，管理国家事务，管理经济和文化事业，管理社会事务。

Article 9. Women have the right to conduct state affairs, manage economic and cultural undertakings and administer social affairs through various channels and in various ways.

第十条妇女享有与男子平等的选举权和被选举权。

Article 10. Women shall enjoy the equal right, with men, to vote and to stand for election.

全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会的代表中，应当有适当数量的妇女代表，并逐步提高妇女代表的比例。

Among deputies to the National People's Congress and local people's congresses at various levels, there shall be an appropriate number of women deputies, and the proportion thereof shall be raised gradually.

第十一条国家积极培养和选拔女干部。

Article 11. The state shall actively train and select female cadres.

国家机关、社会团体、企业事业单位在任用干部时必须坚持男女平等的原则，重视培养、选拔女干部担任领导成员。

State organs, public organizations, enterprises and institutions must, in appointing cadres, adhere to the principle of equality between men and women, and attach importance to the training and selection of female cadres for leading posts.

国家重视培养和选拔少数民族女干部。

The state shall pay attention to the training and selection of female cadres of minority nationalities.

第十二条各级妇女联合会及其团体会员，可以向国家机关、社会团体、企业事业单位推荐女干部。

Article 12. Women's federations at various levels and their member organizations may recommend female cadres to state organs, public organizations, enterprises or institutions.

第十三条对于有关保障妇女权益的批评或者合理建议，有关部门应当听取和采纳；对于有关侵害妇女权益的申诉、控告和检举，有关部门必须查清事实，负责处理，任何组织或者个人不得压制或者打击报复。

Article 13. The departments concerned shall listen to and accept criticisms or rational suggestions regarding the protection of women's rights and interests; with respect to complaints or charges against, or exposures of infringement upon women's rights and interests, the departments concerned must ascertain the facts, and be responsible for the disposition thereof; no organization or individual may suppress such complaints, charges or exposures or resort to retaliation.

第三章文化教育权益

CHAPTER III RIGHTS AND INTERESTS RELATING TO CULTURE AND EDUCATION

第十四条国家保障妇女享有与男子平等的文化教育权利。

Article 14. The state shall guarantee that women enjoy equal rights with men with respect to culture and education.

第十五条学校和有关部门应当执行国家有关规定，保障妇女在入学、升学、毕业分配、授予学位、派出留学等方面享有与男子平等的权利。

Article 15. Schools and departments concerned shall, by implementing the relevant regulations of the state, guarantee that women enjoy equal rights with men in such aspects as starting school, entering a higher school, job assignment upon graduation, conferment of academic degrees and dispatch for study abroad.

第十六条学校应当根据女性青少年的特点，在教育、管理、设施等方面采取措施，保障女性青少年身心健康发展。

Article 16. Schools shall, in line with the characteristics of female adolescents, take measures in respect of education, management and facilities so as to ensure their sound development in body and in mind.

第十七条父母或者其他监护人必须履行保障适龄女性儿童少年接受义务教育的义务。

Article 17. Parents or other guardians must perform their duty of ensuring that female school-age children or adolescents receive the compulsory education.

除因疾病或者其他特殊情况经当地人民政府批准的以外，对不送适龄女性儿童少年入学的父母或者其他监护人，由当地人民政府予以批评教育，并采取有效措施，责令送适龄女性儿童少年入学。

Where parents or other guardians fail to send female school-age children or adolescents to school, the local people's governments shall admonish and criticize them and, by adopting effective measures, order them to send their female school-age children or adolescents to school, with the exception of those who, on account of illness or other special circumstances, are allowed by the local people's governments not to go to school.

政府、社会、学校应针对适龄女性儿童少年就学存在的实际困难，采取有效措施，保证适龄女性儿童少年受完当地规定年限的义务教育。

The governments, society and schools shall, in the light of the actual difficulties of female school-age children or adolescents in schooling, take effective measures to ensure that female school-age children or adolescents receive compulsory education for the number of years locally prescribed.

第十八条各级人民政府应当依照规定把扫除妇女中的文盲、半文盲工作，纳入扫盲和扫盲后继续教育规划，采取符合妇女特点的组织形式和工作方法，组织、监督有关部门具体实施。

Article 18. People's governments at various levels shall, in accordance with relevant provisions, incorporate the work of elimination of illiteracy or semi-literacy among women into plans for illiteracy elimination and post-elimination education, adopt organizational forms and working methods suitable to women's characteristics, and organize and supervise the relevant departments in the implementation of such plans.

第十九条各级人民政府和有关部门应当采取措施，组织妇女接受职业教育和技术培训。

Article 19. People's governments at various levels and departments concerned shall take measures to organize women in receiving vocational education and technological training.

第二十条国家机关、社会团体和企业事业单位应当执行国家有关规定，保障妇女从事科学、技术、文学、艺术和其他文化活动，享有与男子平等的权利。

Article 20. State organs, public organizations, enterprises and institutions shall,by implementing relevant regulations of the state, ensure that women enjoy equal rights with men in their participation in scientific, technological, literary, artistic and other cultural activities.

第四章劳动权益

CHAPTER IV RIGHTS AND INTERESTS RELATING TO WORK

第二十一条国家保障妇女享有与男子平等的劳动权利。

Article 21. The state shall guarantee that women enjoy the equal right, with men, to work.

第二十二条各单位在录用职工时，除不适合妇女的工种或者岗位外，不得以性别为由拒绝录用妇女或者提高对妇女的录用标准。

Article 22. With the exception of the special types of work or post unsuitable to women, no unit may, in employing staff and workers, refuse to employ women by reason of sex or raise the employment standards for women.

禁止招收未满十六周岁的女工。

Recruitment of female workers under the age of sixteen shall be prohibited.

第二十三条实行男女同工同酬。

Article 23. Equal pay for equal work shall be applied to men and women alike.

在分配住房和享受福利待遇方面男女平等。

Women shall be equal with men in the allotment of housing and enjoyment of welfare benefits.

第二十四条在晋职、晋级、评定专业技术职务等方面，应当坚持男女平等的原则，不得歧视妇女。

Article 24. In such aspects as promotion in post or in rank, evaluation and determination of professional and technological titles, the principle of equality between men and women shall be upheld and discrimination against women shall not be allowed.

第二十五条任何单位均应根据妇女的特点，依法保护妇女在工作和劳动时的安全和健康，不得安排不适合妇女从事的工作和劳动。

Article 25. All units shall, in line with women's characteristics and according to law, protect women's safety and health during their work or physical labour, and shall not assign them any work or physical labour not suitable to women.

妇女在经期、孕期、产期、哺乳期受特殊保护。

Women shall be under special protection during menstrual period, pregnancy, obstetrical period and nursing period.

第二十六条任何单位不得以结婚、怀孕、产假、哺乳等为由，辞退女职工或者单方解除劳动合同。

Article 26. No unit may dismiss woman staff and workers or unilaterally terminate labour contracts with them by reason of marriage, pregnancy, maternity leave or baby-nursing.

第二十七条国家发展社会保险、社会救济和医疗卫生事业，为年老、疾病或者丧失劳动能力的妇女获得物质资助创造条件。

Article 27. The state shall develop social insurance, social relief and medical and health services to create conditions allowing old, ill or disabled women to obtain material assistance.

第五章财产权益

CHAPTER V RIGHTS AND INTERESTS RELATING TO PROPERTY

第二十八条国家保障妇女享有与男子平等的财产权利。

Article 28. The state shall guarantee that women enjoy the equal right, with men, to property.

第二十九条在婚姻、家庭共有财产关系中，不得侵害妇女依法享有的权益。

Article 29. In joint property relationship derived from marriage or family, the rights and interests enjoyed by women according to law may not be infringed upon.

第三十条农村划分责任田、口粮田等，以及批准宅基地，妇女与男子享有平等权利，不得侵害妇女的合法权益。

Article 30. Women shall enjoy equal rights with men in the allotment of responsibility farmland, or grain ration farmland and in the approval of housing sites in rural areas, and women's lawful rights thereto shall not be infringed upon.

妇女结婚、离婚后，其责任田、口粮田和宅基地等，应当受到保障。

After marriage or divorce, women's responsibility farmland, grain ration farmland and housing sites shall be secured.

第三十一条妇女享有的与男子平等的财产继承权受法律保护。在同一顺序法定继承人中，不得歧视妇女。

Article 31. Women's equal right, with men, of succession to property shall be protected by law. Among the statutory successors in the same order, women shall not be discriminated against.

丧偶妇女有权处分继承的财产，任何人不得干涉。

Widowed women have the right to dispose of the property inherited by them, and no one may interfere with the disposition thereof.

第三十二条丧偶妇女对公、婆尽了主要赡养义务的，作为公、婆的第一顺序法定继承人，其继承权不受子女代位继承的影响。

Article 32. Widowed women who have made the predominant contributions in maintaining their parents-in-law shall be regarded as the statutory successors first in order, and their rights of succession thereto shall not be affected by inheritance in subrogation.

第六章人身权利

CHAPTER VI RIGHTS RELATING TO THE PERSON

第三十三条国家保障妇女享有与男子平等的人身权利。

Article 33. The state shall guarantee that women enjoy equal rights with men relating to their persons.

第三十四条妇女的人身自由不受侵犯。禁止非法拘禁和以其他非法手段剥夺或者限制妇女的人身自由；禁止非法搜查妇女的身体。

Article 34. Women's freedom of the person shall be inviolable. Unlawful detention or deprivation or restriction of women's freedom of the person by other illegal means shall be prohibited; and unlawful body search of women shall be prohibited.

第三十五条妇女的生命健康权不受侵犯。禁止溺、弃、残害女婴；禁止歧视、虐待生育女婴的妇女和不育妇女；禁止用迷信、暴力手段残害妇女；禁止虐待、遗弃老年妇女。

Article 35. Women's right of life and health shall be inviolable. Drowning, abandoning or cruel infanticide in any manner of female babies shall be prohibited; discrimination against or maltreatment of women who gave birth to female babies or women who are sterile shall be prohibited; cruel treatment causing injury even death of women by superstition or violence shall be prohibited; maltreatment or abandonment of aged women shall be prohibited.

第三十六条禁止拐卖、绑架妇女；禁止收买被拐卖、绑架的妇女。

Article 36. Abduction of and trafficking in, or kidnapping of women shall be prohibited; buying of women who are abducted and trafficked in, or kidnapped shall be prohibited.

人民政府和有关部门必须及时采取措施解救被拐卖、绑架的妇女。被拐卖、绑架的妇女返回原籍的，任何人不得歧视，当地人民政府和有关部门应当做好善后工作。

People's governments and relevant departments must take timely measures to rescue women who are abducted and trafficked in, or kidnapped. If such women have returned to their former places of residence, nobody may discriminate against them, and the local people's governments and relevant departments shall well settle the problems arising thereafter.

第三十七条禁止卖淫、嫖猖。

Article 37. Prostitution or whoring shall be prohibited.

禁止组织、强迫、引诱、容留、介绍妇女卖淫或者雇用、容留妇女与他人进行猥亵活动。

It is prohibited for anyone to organize, force, seduce, shelter or introduce a woman to engage in prostitution or employ or shelter a woman to engage in obscene activities with others.

第三十八条妇女的肖像权受法律保护。未经本人同意，不得以营利为目的，通过广告、商标、展览橱窗、书刊、杂志等形式使用妇女肖像。

Article 38. Women's right of portrait shall be protected by law. The use of a woman's portrait for profit-making purposes in advertisements, trademarks, window display, books, magazines, etc., without the consent of the interested woman shall be prohibited.

第三十九条妇女的名誉权和人格尊严受法律保护。禁止用侮辱、诽谤、宣扬隐私等方式损害妇女的名誉和人格。

Article 39. Women's right of reputation and personal dignity shall be protected by law. Damage to women's reputation or personal dignity by such means as insult, libel and giving publicity to private affairs shall be prohibited.

第七章婚姻家庭权益

CHAPTER VII RIGHTS AND INTERESTS RELATING TO MARRIAGE AND FAMILY

第四十条国家保障妇女享有与男子平等的婚姻家庭权利。

Article 40. The state shall guarantee that women enjoy equal rights with men in marriage and family.

第四十一条国家保护妇女的婚姻自主权。禁止干涉妇女的结婚、离婚自由。

Article 41. The state shall protect women's right of self-determination in marriage. Interference with women's freedom of marriage or divorce shall be prohibited.

第四十二条女方按照计划生育的要求中止妊娠的，在手术后六个月内，男方不得提出离婚；女方提出离婚，或者人民法院认为确有必要受理男方离婚请求的，不在此限。

Article 42. When a wife terminates gestation as required by the family planning programme, her husband may not apply for a divorce within six months after the operation; this restriction shall not apply in a cases where the wife applies for a divorce, or when the people's court deems it necessary to accept the divorce application made by the husband.

第四十三条妇女对依照法律规定的夫妻共同财产享有与其配偶平等的占有、使用、收益和处分的权利，不受双方收入状况的影响。

Article 43. A woman shall enjoy equal rights with her spouse in possessing, utilizing, profiting from and disposing of the property jointly possessed by the husband and wife according to law, which shall not be affected by the status of income of either party.

第四十四条国家保护离婚妇女的房屋所有权。

Article 44. The state shall protect divorced women's ownership of their houses.

夫妻共有的房屋，离婚时，分割住房由双方协议解决；协议不成的，由人民法院根据双方的具体情况，照顾女方和子女权益的原则判决。夫妻双方另有约定的除外。

At the time of divorce, the husband and the wife shall seek agreement regarding the disposition of their jointly possessed houses; if they fail to reach an agreement, the people's court shall make a judgment in accordance with the actual circumstances of both parties and by taking into consideration the rights and interests of the wife and their child (children), except as otherwise agreed upon by the two parties.

夫妻共同租用的房屋，离婚时，女方的住房应当按照照顾女方和子女权益的原则协议解决。

In a case where the husband and wife jointly rent a house or a room, the wife's housing shall, at the time of divorce, be solved according to the principle of taking into consideration the rights and interests of the wife and their child (children).

夫妻居住男方单位的房屋，离婚时，女方无房居住的，男方有条件的应当帮助其解决。

In a case where the husband and wife live in a house allocated by the unit to which the husband belongs, if the wife has no housing to live in at the time of divorce, the husband shall help her in this regard whenever he can afford to.

第四十五条父母双方对未成年子女享有平等的监护权。

Article 45. Both parents shall enjoy the equal right to guardianship of their minor child (children).

父亲死亡、丧失行为能力或者有其他情形不能担任未成年子女的监护人的，母亲的监护权任何人不得干涉。

In a case where the father is deceased, incapacitated or under any other circumstances that make him unable to act as the guardian of a minor child (children), nobody may interfere with the mother's right of guardianship.

第四十六条离婚时，女方因实施绝育手术或者其他原因丧失生育能力的，处理子女抚养问题，应在有利子女权益的条件下，照顾女方的合理要求。

Article 46. At the time of divorce, if the wife becomes sterile because of the sterilization operation or any other reasons, the problem to bring up the child (children) shall be so handled that, while to the advantage of the rights and interests of the child (children), due consideration shall be given to the wife's reasonable demands.

第四十七条妇女有按照国家有关规定生育子女的权利，也有不生育的自由。

Article 47. Women have the right to child-bearing in accordance with relevant regulations of the state as well as the freedom not to bear any child.

育龄夫妻双方按照国家有关规定计划生育，有关部门应当提供安全、有效的避孕药具和技术，保障实施节育手术的妇女的健康和安全。

Where a couple of child-bearing age practise family planning according to the relevant regulations of the state, the departments concerned shall provide safe and effective contraceptives and techniques, and ensure the health and safety of the woman receiving any birth-control operation.

第八章法律责任

CHAPTER VIII LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY

第四十八条妇女的合法权益受到侵害时，被侵害人有权要求有关主管部门处理，或者依法向人民法院提起诉讼。

Article 48. When a woman's lawful rights and interests are infringed upon, she has the right to request the competent department concerned for a disposition or bring a lawsuit in a people's court according to law.

妇女的合法权益受到侵害时，被侵害人可以向妇女组织投诉，妇女组织应当要求有关部门或者单位查处，保护被侵害妇女的合法权益。

When a woman's lawful rights and interests are infringed upon, she may file a complaint with a women's organization, which shall request the relevant department or unit to investigate and deal with the case so as to protect the lawful rights and interests of the complainant.

第四十九条违反本法规定侵害妇女合法权益，其他法律、法规已规定处罚的，依照该法律、法规的规定处罚。

Article 49. Where punishments are prescribed by other laws or regulations for the infringement upon the lawful rights and interests of women in violation of the provisions of this Law, punishments prescribed in such laws or regulations shall apply.

第五十条有下列侵害妇女合法权益情形之一的，由其所在单位或者上级机关责令改正，并可根据具体情况，对直接责任人员给予行政处分：

Article 50. Anyone who commits any of the following infringements upon the lawful rights and interests of a woman shall be ordered to make corrections by his or her unit or by an organ at a higher level, and the person who is held directly responsible may, in light of the specific circumstances, be subjected to administrative sanctions:

（一）对有关侵害妇女权益的申诉、控告、检举，推诿、拖延、压制不予查处的；

(1) evading, delaying or suppressing the investigation and disposition of a complaint, a charge or an exposure regarding an infringement upon the rights and interests of a woman;

（二）依照法律、法规规定，应当录用而拒绝录用妇女或者对妇女提高录用条件的；

(2) refusing to employ women or raising the employment standards for women where women shall be employed in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws or regulations;

（三）在分配住房和晋职、晋级、评定专业技术职务等方面，违反男女平等原则，侵害妇女合法权益的；

(3) infringing upon women's rights and interests by violating the principle of equality between men and women in such aspects as allotment of housing, promotion in post or in rank, evaluation and determination of professional and technological titles;

（四）以结婚、怀孕、产假、哺乳等为由辞退女职工的；

(4) dismissing female staff and workers by reason of their marriage, [www.61k.com)pregnancy, maternity leave, or baby-nursing;

（五）划分责任田、口粮田等，以及批准宅基地，违反男女平等原则，侵害妇女合法权益的；

(5) infringing upon women's rights and interests by violating the principle of equality between men and women in the allotment of responsibility farmland or grain ration farmland or the approval of housing sites; or

（六）在入学、升学、毕业分配、授予学位、派出留学等方面，违反男女平等原则，侵害妇女合法权益的。

(6) infringing upon women's rights and interests by violating the principle of equality between men and women in such aspects as starting school, entering a higher school, job assignment upon graduation, conferment of academic degrees or dispatch for study abroad.

对侵害妇女权益的行为提出申诉、控告、检举的人进行打击报复的，由其所在单位或者上级机关责令改正或者给予行政处分；国家工作人员进行打击报复构成犯罪的，依照刑法第一百四十六条的规定追究刑事责任。

Anyone who retaliates against a person making a complaint, a charge or an exposure regarding an infringement upon a woman's rights and interests shall be ordered to make corrections or be subjected to administrative sanctions by his or her unit or an organ at a higher level. If a state functionary commits retaliation, which constitutes a crime, the offender shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the provisions in Article 146 of the Criminal Law.

第五十一条雇用、容留妇女与他人进行猥亵活动的，比照治安管理处罚条例第十九条的规定处罚；情节严重，构成犯罪的，比照刑法第一百六十条的规定追究刑事责任。

Article 51. Anyone who employs or shelters any woman to engage in obscene activities with others shall be punished by applying mutatis mutandis the provisions in Article 19 of the Regulations on Administrative Penalties for Public Security; if the circumstances are so serious as to constitute a crime, the offender shall be investigated for criminal responsibility by applying mutatis mutandis the provisions in Article 160 of the Criminal Law.

第五十二条侵害妇女的合法权益，造成财产损失或者其他损害的，应当依法赔偿或者承担其他民事责任。

Article 52. Where an infringement upon a woman's lawful rights and interests causes loss of property or other damage, the infringer shall make due compensation or bear other civil liabilities according to law.

第九章附则

CHAPTER IX SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS

第五十三条国务院有关部门可以根据本法制定有关条例，报国务院批准施行。

Article 53. Relevant departments under the State Council may, on the basis of this Law, formulate relevant regulations, which shall be submitted to the State Council for approval and then be implemented.

省、自治区、直辖市人民代表大会常务委员会可以根据本法制定实施办法。

The standing committees of the people's congresses of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may formulate measures for implementation on the basis of this Law.

民族自治地方的人民代表大会，可以依据本法规定的原则，结合当地民族妇女的具体情况，制定变通的或者补充的规定。自治区的规定，报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案；自治州、自治县的规定，报省或者自治区人民代表大会常务委员会批准后生效，并报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。

The people's congresses of national autonomous areas may formulate regulations with appropriate adaptations or supplements in accordance with the principles laid down in this Law and in light of the specific conditions of the national women in respective areas. Regulations formulated by autonomous regions shall be submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record; regulations formulated by autonomous prefectures or autonomous counties shall be submitted to the standing committees of the people's congresses of the relevant provinces or autonomous regions for approval before entering into effect, and shall also be submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.

第五十四条本法自１９９２年１０月１日起施行。

Article 54. This Law shall enter into force as of October 1, 1992.

四 : 中华人民共和国残疾人保障法-英汉对照法律英语

中华人民共和国残疾人保障法

DECREE BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

1990年12月28日第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十七次会议通过

(Adopted at the 17th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National Peoples Congress on December 28,1990.)

第一章总则

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一条为了维护残疾人的合法权益，发展残疾人事业，保障残疾人平等地充分参与社会生活，共享社会物质文化成果，根据宪法，制定本法。

Article 1 [Purpose and Basis] This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution for the purpose of protecting the lawful rights and interests of,and developing undertakings for disabled persons,and ensuring their equal and full participation in social life and their share of the material and cultural wealth of society.

第二条残疾人是指在心理、生理、人体结构上，某种组织、功能丧失或者不正常，全部或者部分丧失以正常方式从事某种活动能力的人。

Article 2 [Definition,Categories and Criteria] A disabled person refers to one who suffers from abnormalities of loss of a certain organ or function, psychologically or physiologically, or in anatomical structure and has lost wholly or in part the ability to perform an activity in the way considered normal.

残疾人包括视力残疾、听力残疾、言语残疾、肢体残疾、智力残疾、精神残疾、多重残疾和其他残疾的人。

The term "disabled persons" refers to those with visual, hearing, speech or physical disabilities, mental retardation, mental isorder, multiple disabilities and/or other disabilities.

残疾标准由国务院规定。

The criteria for classification of disabilities shall be established by the State Council.

第三条残疾人在政治、经济、文化、社会和家庭生活等方面享有同其他公民平等的权利。

Article 3 [Protection of Rights] Disabled persons shall enjoy equal rights with other citizens in political,economic,cultural and social fields, in family life and other aspects.

残疾人的公民权利和人格尊严受法律保护。

The citizen's rights and personal dignity of disabled persons shall be protected by law.

禁止歧视、侮辱、侵害残疾人。

Discrimination against, insult of and infringement upon disabled persons shall be prohibited.

第四条国家采取辅助方法和扶持措施，对残疾人给予特别扶助，减轻或者消除残疾影响和外界障碍，保障残疾人权利的实现。

Article 4 [Special Assistance] The state shall provide disabled persons with special assistance by adopting supplementary methods and supportive measures with a view to alleviating or eliminating the effects of their disabilities and external barriers and ensuring the realization of their rights.

第五条国家和社会对伤残军人、因公致残人员以及其他为维护国家和人民利益致残的人员实行特别保障，给予优待和抚恤。

Article 5 [Special Assurance] The state and society shall provide special assurance,preferential treatment and pension for wounded or disabled servicemen and persons disabled while on duty or for protecting the interests of the state and people.

第六条各级人民政府应当将残疾人事业纳入国民经济和社会发展计划，经费列入财政预算，统筹规划，加强领导，综合协调，采取措施，使残疾人事业与经济、社会协调发展。

Article 6 [Responsibilities of Government] The people's governments at all levels shall incorporate undertakings for disabled persons into plans for economic and social development through budget arrangement, overall planning and coordination and other measures under strengthened leadership with a view to ensuring that undertakings for disabled persons develop in coordination with economic and social progress.

国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府，采取组织措施，协调有关部门做好残疾人事业的工作。

The State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall adopt organizational measures to coordinate departments concerned in the work for people with disabilities.

具体机构由国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府规定。

The establishment of specific institutions shall be decided upon by the State Council and/or the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

各级人民政府有关部门，应当密切联系残疾人，听取残疾人的意见，按照各自的职责，做好残疾人工作。

Departments concerned under the people's governments at various levels shall keep in close contact with disabled persons, solicit their opinions and fulfill respectively their own duties in the work for disabled persons.

第七条全社会应当发扬社会主义的人道主义精神，理解、尊重、关心、帮助残疾人，支持残疾人事业。

Article 7 [Responsibilities of the Society] The whole society should display socialist humanitarianism, understand, respect, care for and assist people with disabilities and support the work for disabled persons.

机关、团体、企业事业组织和城乡基层组织，应当做好所属范围内的残疾人工作。

State organs, non-governmental organizations,enterprises,institutions and urban and rural organizations at grassroots level should do their work for disabled persons well, as is within their responsibility.

从事残疾人工作的国家工作人员和其他人员，应当履行光荣职责，努力为残疾人服务。

State functionaries and other personnel engaged in the work for disabled persons should work hard to fulfill their lofty duties in serving disabled people.

第八条中国残疾人联合会及其地方组织，代表残疾人的共同利益，维护残疾人的合法权益，团结教育残疾人，为残疾人服务。

Article 8 [Responsibilities of Disabled Persons' Federation] China Disabled Persons' Federation (CDPF) and its local branches shall represent the common interests of disabled persons, protect their lawfulrights and interests, unite, educate disabled persons, and provide service for disabled persons.

残疾人联合会承担政府委托的任务，开展残疾人工作，动员社会力量，发展残疾人事业。

CDPF shall undertake tasks entrusted by the government, conduct work for disabled persons and mobilize social forces in developing undertakings for disabled persons.

第九条残疾人的法定扶养人必须对残疾人履行扶养义务。

Article 9 [Responsibilities of Fosterer,Guardian and Family Member] Legal fosterers of disabled persons must fulfill their duties towards their charges.

残疾人的监护人必须履行监护职责，维护被监护人的合法权益。

Guardians of disabled persons must fulfill their duties of guardianship and protect the lawful rights and interests of their charges.

残疾人的亲属、监护人应当鼓励和帮助残疾人增强自立能力。

Family members and guardians of disabled persons should encourage and assist disabled persons to enhance their capability of self-reliance.

禁止虐待和遗弃残疾人。

Maltreatment and abandoning of disabled persons shall be prohibited.

第十条残疾人必须遵守法律，履行应尽的义务，遵守公共秩序，尊重社会公德。

Article 10 [Obligations of Disabled Persons] Disabled persons must abide by laws, carry out their due obligations,observe public order and respect social morality.

残疾人应当发扬乐观进取精神，自尊、自信、自强、自立，为社会主义建设贡献力量。

Disabled persons should display an optimistic, and enterprising spirit, have a sense of self-respect, self-confidence, self-strength and self-reliance, and make contributions to the socialist construction.

第十一条国家有计划地开展残疾预防工作，加强对残疾预防工作的领导，宣传、普及优生优育和预防残疾的知识，针对遗传、疾病、药物中毒、事故、灾害、环境污染和其他致残因素，制定法律、法规，组织和动员社会力量，采取措施，预防残疾的发生和发展。

Article 11 [Prevention of Disabilities] The state shall undertake, in a planned way, the work of disability prevention, strengthen leadership in this regard, publicize and popularize knowledge of good pre-natal and post-natal care as well as disability prevention, formulate aws and regulations dealing with disability causing factors such heredity, diseases, medical poisoning, accidents, calamity and environmental pollution and adopt measures to prevent the occurrence and aggravation of disabilities by organizing and mobilizing social forces.

第十二条对在社会主义建设中做出显著成绩的残疾人，对维护残疾人合法权益、发展残疾人事业、为残疾人服务做出显著成绩的单位和个人，由政府和有关部门给予奖励。

Article 12 [Award] Governments and departments concerned shall award those disabled persons who have made notable achievements in socialist construction and those units or individuals who have made remarkable contributions to safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of disabled people, promoting undertakings and providing service for disabled persons.

第二章康复

Chapter 2 Rehabilitation

第十三条国家和社会采取康复措施，帮助残疾人恢复或者补偿功能，增强其参与社会生活的能力。

Article 13 [Responsibilities] The state and society shall adopt measures of rehabilitation to help disabled persons regain normal functions or compensate for lost functions, thus enhancing their ability to participate in social life.

第十四条康复工作应当从实际出发，将现代康复技术与我国传统康复技术相结合；以康复机构为骨干，社区康复为基础，残疾人家庭为依托；

Article 14 [Guiding Principle] The work of rehabilitation shall, proceeding from the actual conditions, combine modern rehabilitation techniques with traditional Chinese techniques, with rehabilitation institutions as the core and the community-based rehabilitation as the basis and relying on the families of disabled persons for support.

以实用、易行、受益广的康复内容为重点，并开展康复新技术的研究、开发和应用，为残疾人提供有效的康复服务。

Emphasis shall be laid on rehabilitation projects which are practical, easy to realize and widely beneficial. Efforts shall also be made in the research, exploration and application of new rehabilitation technology so as to provide more effective service for disabled persons.

第十五条政府和有关部门有计划地在医院设立康复医学科（室），举办必要的专门康复机构，开展康复医疗与训练、科学研究、人员培训和技术指导工作。

Article 15 [Implementation] The governments and departments concerned should establish in a planned way medical rehabilitation departments (sections) in hospitals, set up appropriate special institutions of rehabilitation and carry out clinical practice and training, scientific research, personnel training and work of technical guidance in the field of rehabilitation.

各级人民政府和有关部门，应当组织和指导城乡社区服务网、医疗预防保健网、残疾人组织、残疾人家庭和其他社会力量，开展社区康复工作。

The people's government and departments concerned at various levels should organize and guide urban and rural community service networks, medical preventionnd health care networks, organizations and families of disabled persons and other social forces in carrying out community-based rehabilitation work.

残疾人教育机构、福利性企业事业组织和其他为残疾人服务的机构，应当创造条件，开展康复训练活动。

Departments of education, welfare enterprises and institutions and other service organizations for disabled persons should create conditions for rehabilitation training activities.

残疾人在专业人员的指导和有关工作人员、志愿工作者及亲属的帮助下，应当努力进行功能、自理能力和劳动技能的训练。

Disabled persons with guidance from professional personnel and help from relevant staff, volunteers and family members, should actively take part in training programmes for functional recovery, and acquiring self-care ability and work skills.

国务院和有关部门分阶段确定康复重点项目，制定计划，组织力量实施。

The State Council and departments concerned shall determine priority rehabilitation projects by stages, formulate plans thereof and organize forces for their implementation.

第十六条医学院校和其他有关院校应当有计划地开设康复课程、设置康复专业，培养各类康复专业人才。

Article 16 [Personnel Training] Medical colleges and schools and other relevant eductional institutes should, in a planned way, offer curricula and specialities on rehabilitation so as to train various kinds of rehabilitation specialists.

国家和社会采取多种形式对从事康复工作的人员进行技术培训；向残疾人、残疾人亲属、有关工作人员和志愿工作者普及康复知识，传授康复方法。

The state and society shall provide various forms of technical training for personnel engaged in rehabilitation work, popularize knowledge of rehabilitation among disabled persons, their family members, relevant staff and volunteers and teach them methods of rehabilitation.

第十七条政府有关部门应当组织和扶持残疾人康复器械、生活自助具、特殊用品和其他辅助器具的研制、生产、供应、维修服务。

Article 17 [Appliances] Governmental departments concerned should organize and support the research, production, supply and maintenance of rehabilitation equipment, appliances for self service, special utensils and other aids for disabled persons.

第三章教育

Chapter 3 Education

第十八条国家保障残疾人受教育的权利。

Article 18 [Responsibilities] The state shall guarantee the right of disabled persons to education.

各级人民政府应当将残疾人教育作为国家教育事业的组成部分，统一规划，加强领导。

People's governments at various levels should make education of disabled persons a component of the state educational programme,include it in their overall planning and strengthen leadership in this respect.

国家、社会、学校和家庭对残疾儿童、少年实施义务教育。

The state, society, schools and families shall provide compulsory education for disabled children and juveniles.

国家对接受义务教育的残疾学生免收学费，并根据实际情况减免杂费。

The state shall exempt disabled students who accept compulsory education from tuition and reduce sundry fees or exempt them from such fees according to actual situations.

国家设立助学金，帮助贫困残疾学生就学。

The state shall set up grant-in-aid to assist students who are poor and disabled.

第十九条残疾人教育，根据残疾人的身心特性和需要，按照下列要求实施：

Article 19 [Education According to Different Characteristics] The education of disabled persons shall be carried out according to their physical and psychological features and needs and shall meet the following requirements:

（一）在进行思想教育、文化教育的同时，加强身心补偿和职业技术教育；

Strengthen physical and psychological compensation and vocational and technical training while providing ideological and cultural education;

（二）依据残疾类别和接受能力，采取普通教育方式或者特殊教育方式；

Adopt ordinary or special methods of education according to different categories of disabilities and varied abilities of response of the disabled persons; and

（三）特殊教育的课程设置、教材、教学方法、入学和在校年龄，可以有适度弹性。

The curricula, teaching materials and methods for special education and the age requirement for admission and schooling may be determined with appropriate flexibility.

第二十条残疾人教育，实行普及与提高相结合、以普及为重点的方针；

Article 20 [Principle of Development] The principle of combining popularization with upgrading of quality shall be implemented in education of disabled persons, with emphasis on the former.

着重发展义务教育和职业技术教育，积极开展学前教育，逐步发展高级中等以上教育。

Priority shall be given to compulsory education and vocational and technical education while efforts shall be made to carry out preschool education and gradually develop education at and above the senior middle school level.

第二十一条国家举办残疾人教育机构，并鼓励社会力量办学、捐资助学。

Article 21 [Channels of Education] The state shall set up educational institutions for disabled persons and encour age social forces to run schools and donate funds for schools.

第二十二条普通教育机构对具有接受普通教育能力的残疾人实施教育。

Article 22 [Methods of Ordinary Education] Ordinary educational institutions shall provide education for disabled persons who are able to receive ordinary education.

普通小学、初级中等学校，必须招收能适应其学习生活的残疾儿童、少年入学；

Ordinary primary schools and junior middle schools must admit disabled children or juveniles who are able to adapt themselves to life and study there;

普通高级中等学校、中等专业学校、技工学校和高等院校，必须招收符合国家规定的录取标准的残疾考生入学，不得因其残疾而拒绝招收；

ordinary senior middle schools, secondary polytechnic schools, technical schools and institutions of higher learning must admit disabled students who meet the state admission requirements and shall not deny their admission because of their disabilities;

拒绝招收的，当事人或者其亲属、监护人可以要求有关部门处理，有关部门应当责令该学校招收。

in case of such denial, the disabled students, their family members or guardians may appeal to the relevant authorities for disposition. The relevant authorities shall instruct the schools concerned to enroll the students.

普通幼儿教育机构应当接收能适应其生活的残疾幼儿。

Ordinary institutions of preschool education shall admit disabled children who are able to adapt themselves to the life there.

第二十三条残疾幼儿教育机构、普通幼儿教育机构附设的残疾儿童班、特殊教育学校的学前班、残疾儿童福利机构、残疾儿童家庭，对残疾儿童实施学前教育。

Article 23 [Methods of Special Education] Preschool education institutions for disabled children, classes for disabled children attached to ordinary preschool education institutions, preschool classes of special education schools, welfare institutions for disabled children and families of disabled children shall be responsible for preschool education of disabled children.

初级中等以下特殊教育学校和普通学校附设的特殊教育班，对不具有接受普通教育能力的残疾儿童、少年实施义务教育。

Special schools at or below junior middle school level and special classes attached to ordinary schools shall be responsible for the implementation of compulsory education for disabled children and juveniles who are not able to respond to ordinary education.

高级中等以上特殊教育学校、普通学校附设的教育班和残疾人职业技术教育机构，对符合条件的残疾人实施高级中等以上文化教育、职业技术教育。

Special schools and special classes attached to ordinary schools at or above senior middle school level, as well as institutions of vocational and technical education for disabled persons, shall be responsible for providing cultural education at or above senior middle school level and vocational and technical education for eligible disabled persons.

第二十四条政府有关部门、残疾人所在单位和社会应当对残疾人开展扫除文盲、职业培训和其他成人教育，鼓励残疾人自学成才。

Article 24 [Adult Education] Governmental departments concerned, units where disabled persons work and society shall carry our anti-illiteracy education, vocational training and other forms of adult education for disabled persons and encourage them to tap their talents in the self-taught way.

第二十五条国家有计划地举办各级各类特殊教育师范院校、专业，在普通师范院校附设特殊教育班（部），培养、培训特殊教育师资。

Article 25 [Teaching Staff] The state shall systematically set up various forms of normal schools and specialities for special education at different levels and special education classes (departments) attached to ordinary normal schools to educate and train teaching staff for special education.

普通师范院校开设特殊教育课程或者讲授有关内容，使普通教师掌握必要的特殊教育知识。

Ordinary normal schools shall offer curricula or lectures on special education so that teachers in ordinary education may have some necessary knowledge of special education.

特殊教育教师和手语翻译，享受特殊教育津贴。

Teachers of special education and sign language interpreters shall enjoy allowances for special education.

第二十六条政府有关部门应当组织和扶持盲文、手语的研究和应用，特殊教育教材的编写和出版，特殊教育教学用具及其他辅助用品的研制、生产和供应。

Article 26 [Auxiliary Means] Governmental departments concerned shall organize and support the research and application of braille and sign language, the compilation, writing and publication of special education teaching materials and the research, production and supply of teaching apparatus and other auxiliary facilities for special education.

第四章劳动就业

Chapter 4 Employment

第二十七条国家保障残疾人劳动的权利。

Article 27 [Responsibilities] The state protects disabled persons the right to work.

各级人民政府应当对残疾人劳动就业统筹规划，为残疾人创造劳动就业条件。

People's governments at various levels shall formulate overall plans on employment of disabled persons and create condition for their employment.

第二十八条残疾人劳动就业，实行集中与分散相结合的方针，采取优惠政策和扶持保护措施，通过多渠道、多层次、多种形式，使残疾人劳动就业逐步普及、稳定、合理。

Article 28 [Guiding Principles] Employment of disabled persons shall follow the principle of combining concent rative arrangement with dispersed arran(www.61k.com）gement. Preferential policies and measures of support and protection shall be adopted with a view to gradually popularizing, stabilizing and rationalizing employment of disabled persons through multiple channels, at various levels and in a variety of forms.

第二十九条国家和社会举办残疾人福利企业、工疗机构、按摩医疗机构和其他福利性企业事业组织，集中安排残疾人就业。

Article 29 [Concentrative Employment] The state and society shall set up welfare enterprises for disabled persons, work-rehabilitation centres, Tuina-massage hospitals and clinics and other enterprises and institutions of welfare nature as a way of providing concentrative employment for disabled persons.

第三十条国家推动各单位吸收残疾人就业，各级人民政府和有关部门应当做好组织、指导工作。

Article 30 [Dispersed Employment] The state shall promote the employment of disabled persons by various units.

机关、团体、企业事业组织、城乡集体经济组织，应当按一定比例安排残疾人就业，并为其选择适当的工种和岗位。

People's governments at all levels and departments concerned shall organize and provide guidance in this regard.State organs, nongovernmental organizations, enterprises, institutions and urban and rural collective economic organizations should employ a certain proportion of disabled persons in appropriate types of jobs and posts.

省、自治区、直辖市人民政府可以根据实际情况规定具体比例。

The specific ratio may be determined by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in line with their actual conditions.

第三十一条政府有关部门鼓励、帮助残疾人自愿组织起来从业或者个体开业。

Article 31 [Self-employment] Governmental departments concerned shall encourage and assist disabled persons to obtain employment through voluntary organization or to open individual business.

第三十二条地方各级人民政府和农村基层组织，应当组织和扶持农村残疾人从事种植业、养殖业、手工业和其他形式的生产劳动。

Article 32 [Rural Labour] Local people's governments at various levels and rural grassroots organizations shall organize and support disabled persons in rural areas to engage in farming, planting, animal breeding, handicraft industry and other forms of production.

第三十三条国家对残疾人福利性企业事业组织和城乡残疾人个体劳动者，实行税收减免政策，并在生产、经营、技术、资金、物资、场地等方面给予扶持。

Article 33 [Preferential Treatment and Assistance] The state shall implement the policy of tax reduction or exemption in relation to welfare enterprises and institutions for disabled persons and self-employed disabled workers in urban and rural areas,and provide assistance in production, management, technology, capital, materials supply, working sites and other fields.

地方人民政府和有关部门应当确定适合残疾人生产的产品，优先安排残疾人福利企业生产，并逐步确定某些产品由残疾人福利企业专产。

Local people's governments and departments concerned shall determine the types of products suitable for production by disabled persons, give priority to welfare enterprises for disabled persons to produce such products and gradually determine which products are to be produced exclusively by such enterprises.

政府有关部门下达职工招用、聘用指标时，应当确定一定数额用于残疾人。

Governmental departments concerned shall, in determining the quota for recruiting and employing workers and staff members, allot a certain proportion of the quota to disabled persons.

对于申请从事个体工商业的残疾人，有关部门应当优先核发营业执照，并在场地、信贷等方面给予照顾。

Departments concerned shall, in verifying and issuing business licenses,give priority to disabled persons who apply for licenses as self-employed workers or businessmen and give them preferential treatment in allotting work sites and loans and in other ways.

对于从事各类生产劳动的农村残疾人，有关部门应当在生产服务、技术指导、农用物资供应、农副产品收购和信贷等方面，给予帮助。

Departments concerned shall provide assistance for disabled persons engaged in various kinds of labour in rural areas by way of production services, technical guidance, supply of materials for agricultural use, collection and purchase of farm and sideline products and loans.

第三十四条国家保护残疾人福利性企业事业组织的财产所有权和经营自主权，其合法权益不受侵犯。

Article 34 [Protection] The state shall protect the property ownership and the managerial decisionmaking power of welfare enterprises and institutions for disabled persons, whose lawful rights and interests shall not be violated.

在职工的招用、聘用、转正、晋级、职称评定、劳动报酬、生活福利、劳动保险等方面，不得歧视残疾人。

No discrimination shall be practised against disabled persons in recruitment,employment,obtainment of permanent status, promotion, determining technical or professional titles, payment, welfare, labour insurance or in other aspects.

对于国家分配的高等学校、中等专业学校、技工学校的残疾毕业生，有关单位不得因其残疾而拒绝接收；

No enterprises or institutions shall deny graduates assigned by the state from institutions of higher learning,polytechnic schools or technical schools solely on the ground of their disabilities;

拒绝接收的，当事人可以要求有关部门处理，有关部门应当责令该单位接收。

in case of such denial, the disabled graduates may appeal to departments concerned for disposition and the relevant departments shall instruct the enterprises or institutions concerned to accept the said graduate students.

残疾职工所在单位，应当为残疾职工提供适应其特点的劳动条件和劳动保护。

Enterprises and institutions where disabled persons work shall provide the disabled workers with appropriate working conditions and labour protection.

第三十五条残疾职工所在单位应当对残疾职工进行岗位技术培训，提高其劳动技能和技术水平。

Article 35 [Training of Employees] Enterprises and institutions where disabled persons work shall provide in-service technical training for disabled employees with a view to upgrading their skills and techniques.

第五章文化生活

Chapter 5 Cultural Life

第三十六条国家和社会鼓励、帮助残疾人参加各种文化、体育、娱乐活动，努力满足残疾人精神文化生活的需要。

Article 36 [Responsibilities] The state and society shall encourage and assist disabled persons to participate in various forms of cultural, sports and recreative activities and work to meet the needs of the spiritual and cultural life of disabled persons.

第三十七条残疾人文化、体育、娱乐活动应当面向基层，融于社会公共文化生活，适应各类残疾人的不同特点和需要，使残疾人广泛参与。

Article 37 [Guiding Principles] Cultural, sports and recreative activities for disabled persons should be oriented towards grassroots levels, integrated in public cultural life and geared to the different characteristics and needs of different categories of disabled persons with a view to bringing about extensive participation.

第三十八条国家和社会采取下列措施，丰富残疾人的精神文化生活：

Article 38 [Measures] The state and society shall adopt the following measures to enrich the spiritual and cultural life of disabled persons:

（一）通过广播、电影、电视、报刊、图书等形式，反映残疾人生活，为残疾人服务；

Reflect the life of disabled persons through radio, film, television, press and periodicals, books and other media in the interests of disabled persons.

（二）组织和扶持盲文读物、盲人有声读物、聋人读物、弱智人读物的编写和出版，开办电视手语节目，在部分影视作品中增加字幕、解说；

Organize and support the compilation,writing and publication of braille books, talking books for blind persons and reading materials for deaf and mentally retarded persons; offer TV programmes in sign language and put in subtitles or narrations in some movies and TV programmes.

（三）组织和扶持残疾人开展群众性文化、体育、娱乐活动，举办特殊艺术演出和特殊体育运动会，参加重大国际性比赛和交流；

Organize and support disabled persons for mass cultural, sports and recreative activities,stage special art performances, hold special sports meets and participate in major international sports games and exchanges; and

（四）文化、体育、娱乐和其他公共活动场所，为残疾人提供方便和照顾。有计划地兴办残疾人活动场所。

Provide facilities and accommodations for disabled persons at places of cultural, sports, recreative and other public activities and set up in a planned way activity centres for disabled persons.

第三十九条国家和社会鼓励、帮助残疾人进行文学、艺术、教育、科学、技术和其他有益于人民的创造性劳动。

Article 39 [Encouraging Creative Activities] The state and society shall encourage and assist disabled persons to engage in literature, art, education, science, technology and other creative work beneficial to the people.

第六章福利

Chapter 6 Welfare

第四十条国家和社会采取扶助、救济和其他福利措施，保障和改善残疾人的生活。

Article 40 [Responsibilities] The state and society shall adopt supportive, relief and other welfare measures to secure and improve the life of disabled persons.

第四十一条国家和社会对生活确有困难的残疾人，通过多种渠道给予救济、补助。

Article 41 [Relief and Foster] The state and society shall provide relief and subsidies through various channels for disabled persons with real financial difficulties.

国家和社会对无劳动能力、无法定扶养人、无生活来源的残疾人，按照规定予以供养、救济。

The state and society shall foster and provide relief, in accordance with relevant regulations, for disabled persons without work capabilities, legal fosterer or financial resource.

第四十二条残疾人所在单位、城乡基层组织、残疾人家庭，应当鼓励、帮助残疾人参加社会保险。

Article 42 [Insurance] Units where disabled persons work, urban and rural grassroots organizations and families of disabled persons should encourage and assist disabled persons to sign up for social insurance.

第四十三条地方各级人民政府和社会举办福利院和其他安置收养机构，按照规定安置收养残疾人，并逐步改善其生活。

Article 43 [Welfare and Placement] People's governments at various levels and the society shall establish welfare centres and other placement and foster institutions, settle and foster disabled persons in accordance with relevant regulations and gradually improve their living standards.

第四十四条公共服务机构应当为残疾人提供优先服务和辅助性服务。

Article 44 [Preferential Treatment and Accommodations] Agencies of pubilc services shall provide preferential and auxiliary services for disabled persons.

残疾人搭乘公共交通工具，应当给予方便和照顾；其随身必备的辅助器具，准予免费携带。

In taking public transport vehicles,disabled persons shall be provided with facilities and accommodations; they shall be permitted to carry on board their indispensable equipment free of charge.

盲人可以免费乘坐市内公共汽车、电车、地铁、渡船。

Blind persons may take local buses, trolleybuses, subways and ferries free of charge.

盲人读物邮件免费寄递。

Mailing and delivery of publications for blind persons shall be free of charge.

县级和乡级人民政府应当根据具体情况减免农村残疾人的义务工、公益事业费和其他社会负担。

People's governments at county and township levels shall, in line with the actual conditions, reduce or exempt disabled persons in rural areas from obligatory labour, public utilities fees and other social obligations.

各级人民政府应当逐步增加对残疾人的其他照顾和扶助。

People's governments at various levels shall step by step increase their care and support for people with disabilities.

第七章环境

Chapter 7 Environment

第四十五条国家和社会逐步创造良好的环境，改善残疾人参与社会生活的条件。

Article 45 [Responsibilities] The state and society shall step by step create a sound environment to improve the conditions for disabled persons to participate in social life.

第四十六条国家和社会逐步实行方便残疾人的城市道路和建筑物设计规范，采取无障碍措施。

Article 46 [Barrier-free Facilities] The state and society shall gradually regularize the Design Code for the Accessibility of Disabled Persons to Urban Roads and Buildings and adopt barrierfree measures.

第四十七条国家和社会促进残疾人与其他公民之间的相互理解和交流，宣传残疾人事业和扶助残疾人的事迹，弘扬残疾人自强不息的精神，倡导团结、友爱、互助的社会风尚。

Article 47 [Mutual Understanding and Assistance] The state and society shall promote mutual understanding and exchanges between disabled persons and their fellow-citizens, publicize undertakings for disabled persons and deeds of assisting disabled persons, promulgate the unyielding spirit of disabled persons and foster a social environment of unity, fraternity and mutual assistance.

第四十八条每年五月的第三个星期日，为全国助残日。

Article 48 [National Day of Assisting Disabled Persons] The third Sunday of May each year is the National Day of Assisting Disabled Persons.

第八章法律责任

Chapter 8 Legal Liability

第四十九条残疾人的合法权益受到侵害的，被侵害人或者其代理人有权要求有关主管部门处理，或者依法向人民法院提起诉讼。

Article 49 [Appeal and Prosecution] Where the lawful rights and interests of disabled persons are violated, the off ended persons or their agents shall have the right to appeal to the competent authorities for disposition, or institute lawsuits at people's courts in accordance with law.

第五十条国家工作人员违法失职，损害残疾人的合法权益的，由其所在单位或者上级机关责令改正或者给予行政处分。

Article 50 [Administrative Liability] Where government functionaries neglect their duties, in violation of the law, and infringe upon the lawful rights and interests of disabled persons, the units to which they belong or their higher authorities shall instruct such persons to correct their wrong doings or subject them to administrative sanctions.

第五十一条侵害残疾人的合法权益，造成财产损失或者其他损失、损害的，应当依法赔偿或者承担其他民事责任。

Article 51 [Civil Liability] Whoever infringes upon the lawful rights and interests of a disabled person and causes property or other losses or damage shall compensate for the losses or damage according to law or bear other civil liabilities.

第五十二条利用残疾人的残疾，侵犯其人身权利或者其他合法权利，构成犯罪的，依照刑法有关规定从重处罚。

Article 52 [Administrative Punishment and Criminal Liability] Whoever infringes upon the right of person or other lawful rights of disabled persons by taking advantage of their disabilities, and which constitutes a crime, shall be given a heavier punishment in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law.

以暴力或者其他方法公然侮辱残疾人，情节严重的，依照刑法第一百四十五条的规定追究刑事责任；情节较轻的，依照治安管理处罚条例第二十二条的规定处罚。

Whoever, by violence or other means, publicly insults disabled persons, shall, if the circumstances are serious, be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 145 of the Criminal Law, and, if the circumstances are less serious, be subject to punishment in accordance with the provisions of Article 22 of the Regulations on Administrative Penaltives for Public Security.

虐待残疾人的，依照治安管理处罚条例第二十二条的规定处罚；情节恶劣的，依照刑法第一百八十二条的规定追究刑事责任。

Whoever maltreats disabled persons shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 22 of the Regulations on Administrative Penalties for Public Security; and, if the circumstances are flagrant, he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 182 of the Criminal Law.

对没有独立生活能力的残疾人负有扶养义务而拒绝扶养、情节恶劣的，或者遗弃没有独立生活能力的残疾人的，依照刑法第一百八十三条的规定追究刑事责任。

Whoever refuses to perform his duty of fostering a disabled person who is unable to live independently, shall, if the circumstances are flagrant, or if he abandons such a disabled person, be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 183 of the Criminal Law.

奸淫因智力残疾或者精神残疾不能辨认自己行为的残疾人的，以强奸论，依照刑法第一百三十九条的规定追究刑事责任。

Whoever rapes a disabled person who is unable to account for her own conduct due to mental retardation or mental disorder shall be deemed to have committed rape and shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 139 of the Criminal Law.

第九章附则

Chapter 9 Supplementary Provisions

第五十三条国务院有关部门根据本法制定有关条例，报国务院批准施行。

Article 53 [Regulations and Local Status] Departments concerned under the State Council shall formulate relevant regulations in accordance with this Law and submit them to the State Council for approval before implementation.

省、自治区、直辖市人民代表大会常务委员会可以根据本法制定实施办法。

The standing committees of the people's congresses of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may formulate measures of implementation in accordance with this Law.

第五十四条本法自１９９１年５月１５日起施行。

Article 54 [Entry into Force] This Law shall enter into force as of May 15,1991.

五 : 中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法（修正）

1992年4月3日第七届全国人民代表大会第五次会议通过

[www.61k.com]

根据2005年8月28日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十七次会议

《关于修改〈中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法〉的决定》修正

第一章　总 则

第一条　为了保障妇女的合法权益，促进男女平等，充分发挥妇女在社会主义现代化建设中的作用，根据宪法和我国的实际情况，制定本法。

第二条　妇女在政治的、经济的、文化的、社会的和家庭的生活等各方面享有同男子平等的权利。

实行男女平等是国家的基本国策。国家采取必要措施，逐步完善保障妇女权益的各项制度，消除对妇女一切形式的歧视。

国家保护妇女依法享有的特殊权益。

禁止歧视、虐待、遗弃、残害妇女。

第三条　国务院制定中国妇女发展纲要，并将其纳入国民经济和社会发展规划。

县级以上地方各级人民政府根据中国妇女发展纲要，制定本行政区域的妇女发展规划，并将其纳入国民经济和社会发展计划。

第四条　保障妇女的合法权益是全社会的共同责任。国家机关、社会团体、企业事业单位、城乡基层群众性自治组织，应当依照本法和有关法律的规定，保障妇女的权益。

国家采取有效措施，为妇女依法行使权利提供必要的条件。

第五条　国家鼓励妇女自尊、自信、自立、自强，运用法律维护自身合法权益。

妇女应当遵守国家法律，尊重社会公德，履行法律所规定的义务。

第六条　各级人民政府应当重视和加强妇女权益的保障工作。

县级以上人民政府负责妇女儿童工作的机构，负责组织、协调、指导、督促有关部门做好妇女权益的保障工作。

县级以上人民政府有关部门在各自的职责范围内做好妇女权益的保障工作。

第七条　中华全国妇女联合会和地方各级妇女联合会依照法律和中华全国妇女联合会章程，代表和维护各族各界妇女的利益，做好维护妇女权益的工作。

工会、共产主义青年团，应当在各自的工作范围内，做好维护妇女权益的工作。

第八条　对保障妇女合法权益成绩显著的组织和个人，各级人民政府和有关部门给予表彰和奖励。

第二章　政治权利

第九条　国家保障妇女享有与男子平等的政治权利。

第十条　妇女有权通过各种途径和形式，管理国家事务，管理经济和文化事业，管理社会事务。

制定法律、法规、规章和公共政策，对涉及妇女权益的重大问题，应当听取妇女联合会的意见。

妇女和妇女组织有权向各级国家机关提出妇女权益保障方面的意见和建议。

第十一条　妇女享有与男子平等的选举权和被选举权。

全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会的代表中，应当有适当数量的妇女代表。国家采取措施，逐步提高全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会的妇女代表的比例。

居民委员会、村民委员会成员中，妇女应当有适当的名额。

第十二条　国家积极培养和选拔女干部。

国家机关、社会团体、企业事业单位培养、选拔和任用干部，必须坚持男女平等的原则，并有适当数量的妇女担任领导成员。

国家重视培养和选拔少数民族女干部。

第十三条　中华全国妇女联合会和地方各级妇女联合会代表妇女积极参与国家和社会事务的民主决策、民主管理和民主监督。

各级妇女联合会及其团体会员，可以向国家机关、社会团体、企业事业单位推荐女干部。

第十四条　对于有关保障妇女权益的批评或者合理建议，有关部门应当听取和采纳；对于有关侵害妇女权益的申诉、控告和检举，有关部门必须查清事实，负责处理，任何组织或者个人不得压制或者打击报复。

第三章　文化教育权益

第十五条　国家保障妇女享有与男子平等的文化教育权利。

第十六条　学校和有关部门应当执行国家有关规定，保障妇女在入学、升学、毕业分配、授予学位、派出留学等方面享有与男子平等的权利。

学校在录取学生时，除特殊专业外，不得以性别为由拒绝录取女性或者提高对女性的录取标准。

第十七条　学校应当根据女性青少年的特点，在教育、管理、设施等方面采取措施，保障女性青少年身心健康发展。

第十八条　父母或者其他监护人必须履行保障适龄女性儿童少年接受义务教育的义务。

除因疾病或者其他特殊情况经当地人民政府批准的以外，对不送适龄女性儿童少年入学的父母或者其他监护人，由当地人民政府予以批评教育，并采取有效措施，责令送适龄女性儿童少年入学。

政府、社会、学校应当采取有效措施，解决适龄女性儿童少年就学存在的实际困难，并创造条件，保证贫困、残疾和流动人口中的适龄女性儿童少年完成义务教育。

第十九条　各级人民政府应当依照规定把扫除妇女中的文盲、半文盲工作，纳入扫盲和扫盲后继续教育规划，采取符合妇女特点的组织形式和工作方法，组织、监督有关部门具体实施。

第二十条　各级人民政府和有关部门应当采取措施，根据城镇和农村妇女的需要，组织妇女接受职业教育和实用技术培训。

第二十一条　国家机关、社会团体和企业事业单位应当执行国家有关规定，保障妇女从事科学、技术、文学、艺术和其他文化活动，享有与男子平等的权利。

第四章　劳动和社会保障权益

第二十二条　国家保障妇女享有与男子平等的劳动权利和社会保障权利。

第二十三条　各单位在录用职工时，除不适合妇女的工种或者岗位外，不得以性别为由拒绝录用妇女或者提高对妇女的录用标准。

各单位在录用女职工时，应当依法与其签订劳动（聘用）合同或者服务协议，劳动（聘用）合同或者服务协议中不得规定限制女职工结婚、生育的内容。

禁止录用未满十六周岁的女性未成年人，国家另有规定的除外。

第二十四条　实行男女同工同酬。妇女在享受福利待遇方面享有与男子平等的权利。

第二十五条　在晋职、晋级、评定专业技术职务等方面，应当坚持男女平等的原则，不得歧视妇女。

第二十六条　任何单位均应根据妇女的特点，依法保护妇女在工作和劳动时的安全和健康，不得安排不适合妇女从事的工作和劳动。

妇女在经期、孕期、产期、哺乳期受特殊保护。

第二十七条　任何单位不得因结婚、怀孕、产假、哺乳等情形，降低女职工的工资，辞退女职工，单方解除劳动（聘用）合同或者服务协议。但是，女职工要求终止劳动（聘用）合同或者服务协议的除外。

各单位在执行国家退休制度时，不得以性别为由歧视妇女。

第二十八条　国家发展社会保险、社会救助、社会福利和医疗卫生事业，保障妇女享有社会保险、社会救助、社会福利和卫生保健等权益。

国家提倡和鼓励为帮助妇女开展的社会公益活动。

第二十九条　国家推行生育保险制度，建立健全与生育相关的其他保障制度。

地方各级人民政府和有关部门应当按照有关规定为贫困妇女提供必要的生育救助。

第五章　财产权益

第三十条　国家保障妇女享有与男子平等的财产权利。

第三十一条　在婚姻、家庭共有财产关系中，不得侵害妇女依法享有的权益。

第三十二条　妇女在农村土地承包经营、集体经济组织收益分配、土地征收或者征用补偿费使用以及宅基地使用等方面，享有与男子平等的权利。

第三十三条　任何组织和个人不得以妇女未婚、结婚、离婚、丧偶等为由，侵害妇女在农村集体经济组织中的各项权益。

因结婚男方到女方住所落户的，男方和子女享有与所在地农村集体经济组织成员平等的权益。

第三十四条　妇女享有的与男子平等的财产继承权受法律保护。在同一顺序法定继承人中，不得歧视妇女。

丧偶妇女有权处分继承的财产，任何人不得干涉。

第三十五条　丧偶妇女对公、婆尽了主要赡养义务的，作为公、婆的第一顺序法定继承人，其继承权不受子女代位继承的影响。

第六章　人身权利

第三十六条　国家保障妇女享有与男子平等的人身权利。

第三十七条　妇女的人身自由不受侵犯。禁止非法拘禁和以其他非法手段剥夺或者限制妇女的人身自由；禁止非法搜查妇女的身体。

第三十八条　妇女的生命健康权不受侵犯。禁止溺、弃、残害女婴；禁止歧视、虐待生育女婴的妇女和不育的妇女；禁止用迷信、暴力等手段残害妇女；禁止虐待、遗弃病、残妇女和老年妇女。

第三十九条　禁止拐卖、绑架妇女；禁止收买被拐卖、绑架的妇女；禁止阻碍解救被拐卖、绑架的妇女。

各级人民政府和公安、民政、劳动和社会保障、卫生等部门按照其职责及时采取措施解救被拐卖、绑架的妇女，做好善后工作，妇女联合会协助和配合做好有关工作。任何人不得歧视被拐卖、绑架的妇女。

第四十条　禁止对妇女实施性骚扰。受害妇女有权向单位和有关机关投诉。

第四十一条　禁止卖淫、嫖娼。

禁止组织、强迫、引诱、容留、介绍妇女卖淫或者对妇女进行猥亵活动。

禁止组织、强迫、引诱妇女进行淫秽表演活动。

第四十二条　妇女的名誉权、荣誉权、隐私权、肖像权等人格权受法律保护。

禁止用侮辱、诽谤等方式损害妇女的人格尊严。禁止通过大众传播媒介或者其他方式贬低损害妇女人格。未经本人同意，不得以营利为目的，通过广告、商标、展览橱窗、报纸、期刊、图书、音像制品、电子出版物、网络等形式使用妇女肖像。

第七章　婚姻家庭权益

第四十三条　国家保障妇女享有与男子平等的婚姻家庭权利。

第四十四条　国家保护妇女的婚姻自主权。禁止干涉妇女的结婚、离婚自由。

第四十五条　女方在怀孕期间、分娩后一年内或者终止妊娠后六个月内，男方不得提出离婚。女方提出离婚的，或者人民法院认为确有必要受理男方离婚请求的，不在此限。

第四十六条　禁止对妇女实施家庭暴力。

国家采取措施，预防和制止家庭暴力。

公安、民政、司法行政等部门以及城乡基层群众性自治组织、社会团体，应当在各自的职责范围内预防和制止家庭暴力，依法为受害妇女提供救助。

第四十七条　妇女对依照法律规定的夫妻共同财产享有与其配偶平等的占有、使用、收益和处分的权利，不受双方收入状况的影响。

夫妻书面约定婚姻关系存续期间所得的财产归各自所有，女方因抚育子女、照料老人、协助男方工作等承担较多义务的，有权在离婚时要求男方予以补偿。

第四十八条　夫妻共有的房屋，离婚时，分割住房由双方协议解决；协议不成的，由人民法院根据双方的具体情况，按照照顾子女和女方权益的原则判决。夫妻双方另有约定的除外。

夫妻共同租用的房屋，离婚时，女方的住房应当按照照顾子女和女方权益的原则解决。

第四十九条　父母双方对未成年子女享有平等的监护权。

父亲死亡、丧失行为能力或者有其他情形不能担任未成年子女的监护人的，母亲的监护权任何人不得干涉。

第五十条　离婚时，女方因实施绝育手术或者其他原因丧失生育能力的，处理子女抚养问题，应在有利子女权益的条件下，照顾女方的合理要求。

第五十一条　妇女有按照国家有关规定生育子女的权利，也有不生育的自由。

育龄夫妻双方按照国家有关规定计划生育，有关部门应当提供安全、有效的避孕药具和技术，保障实施节育手术的妇女的健康和安全。

国家实行婚前保健、孕产期保健制度，发展母婴保健事业。各级人民政府应当采取措施，保障妇女享有计划生育技术服务，提高妇女的生殖健康水平。

第八章　法律责任

第五十二条　妇女的合法权益受到侵害的，有权要求有关部门依法处理，或者依法向仲裁机构申请仲裁，或者向人民法院起诉。

对有经济困难需要法律援助或者司法救助的妇女，当地法律援助机构或者人民法院应当给予帮助，依法为其提供法律援助或者司法救助。

第五十三条　妇女的合法权益受到侵害的，可以向妇女组织投诉，妇女组织应当维护被侵害妇女的合法权益，有权要求并协助有关部门或者单位查处。有关部门或者单位应当依法查处，并予以答复。

第五十四条　妇女组织对于受害妇女进行诉讼需要帮助的，应当给予支持。

妇女联合会或者相关妇女组织对侵害特定妇女群体利益的行为，可以通过大众传播媒介揭露、批评，并有权要求有关部门依法查处。

第五十五条　违反本法规定，以妇女未婚、结婚、离婚、丧偶等为由，侵害妇女在农村集体经济组织中的各项权益的，或者因结婚男方到女方住所落户，侵害男方和子女享有与所在地农村集体经济组织成员平等权益的，由乡镇人民政府依法调解；受害人也可以依法向农村土地承包仲裁机构申请仲裁，或者向人民法院起诉，人民法院应当依法受理。

第五十六条　违反本法规定，侵害妇女的合法权益，其他法律、法规规定行政处罚的，从其规定；造成财产损失或者其他损害的，依法承担民事责任；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

第五十七条　违反本法规定，对侵害妇女权益的申诉、控告、检举，推诿、拖延、压制不予查处，或者对提出申诉、控告、检举的人进行打击报复的，由其所在单位、主管部门或者上级机关责令改正，并依法对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员给予行政处分。

国家机关及其工作人员未依法履行职责，对侵害妇女权益的行为未及时制止或者未给予受害妇女必要帮助，造成严重后果的，由其所在单位或者上级机关依法对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员给予行政处分。

违反本法规定，侵害妇女文化教育权益、劳动和社会保障权益、人身和财产权益以及婚姻家庭权益的，由其所在单位、主管部门或者上级机关责令改正，直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员属于国家工作人员的，由其所在单位或者上级机关依法给予行政处分。

第五十八条　违反本法规定，对妇女实施性骚扰或者家庭暴力，构成违反治安管理行为的，受害人可以提请公安机关对违法行为人依法给予行政处罚，也可以依法向人民法院提起民事诉讼。

第五十九条　违反本法规定，通过大众传播媒介或者其他方式贬低损害妇女人格的，由文化、广播电影电视、新闻出版或者其他有关部门依据各自的职权责令改正，并依法给予行政处罚。

第九章　附 则

第六十条　省、自治区、直辖市人民代表大会常务委员会可以根据本法制定实施办法。

民族自治地方的人民代表大会，可以依据本法规定的原则，结合当地民族妇女的具体情况，制定变通的或者补充的规定。自治区的规定，报全国人民代表大会常务委员会批准后生效；自治州、自治县的规定，报省、自治区、直辖市人民代表大会常务委员会批准后生效，并报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。

第六十一条　本法自1992年10月1日起施行。

本文标题：中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法-8在法制社会中女性的权益得到保障
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