一 : Free Translation

freetranslation Free Translation

freetranslation Free Translation

freetranslation Free Translation

freetranslation Free Translation

freetranslation Free Translation

freetranslation Free Translation

freetranslation Free Translation

freetranslation Free Translation

freetranslation Free Translation

freetranslation Free Translation

freetranslation Free Translation

freetranslation Free Translation

freetranslation Free Translation

freetranslation Free Translation

freetranslation Free Translation

freetranslation Free Translation

freetranslation Free Translation

freetranslation Free Translation

freetranslation Free Translation

freetranslation Free Translation

二 : Free Translation

Lecture Six Free and Literal Translation

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Better late than the late. Late: [only before noun] dead -Mrs. Moore's late husband Context： Context：安全行车警示牌！ In China: 事故多发地段！
迟到总比丧命好。 晚了总比完了好。

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We must indeed all hang together, or, most assuredly, we shall all hang separately. (Benjamin Franklin) hang together: to stand united; stick together hang: vi. to die as a result of hanging vi. 如果我们摽不到一块，保准会吊到一块儿。 如果我们不能紧密地团结在一起，那就必然分散 地走上绞刑台。 我们要不抱在一起，准保会吊在一起。 我们不紧紧团结一致，必然一个个被人绞死。 我们必须共同上战场，否则就得分别上刑场。 我们必须共赴沙场，否则就得分赴法场。 不携手求生，必分头赴死。 要不携手，要不绞首。/不携手，必绞首。 要不携手，要不绞首。/
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Literal or Free?
A translation original. A translation original. A translation A translation A translation original. A translation original. must give the words of the must give the ideas of the should read like an original work. should read like a translation. should reflect the style of the should possess the style of the
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Literal or Free?
A translation should read as a contemporary of the original. A translation should read as a contemporary of the translation. A translation may add to or omit from the original. A translation may never add to or omit from the original. Literal and free translation relate to relations between the original and the translation.
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Literal or Free?
Opinion swung between literal and free, faithful and beautiful, exact and natural translation, depending on whether the bias was to be in favour of the author or the reader, the source or the target language of the text. (Peter Newmark, British Translation theorists )

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Literal or Free?
Source Language Bias Target Language Bias Literal Free Faithful Idiomatic符合语言习惯的 Semantic语义的 /Communicative交际的 There is no one communicative nor one semantic method of translating a text – these are in fact widely overlapping bands of methods.

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Literal Translation
Literal translation ranges from one word to one word through group to group, collocation to collocation, clause to clause, to sentence to sentence. The longer the unit is, the rarer the one-toone-to-one becomes. Literal translation can be the basic translation procedure, both in communicative and semantic translation, in that translation starts there. However, above the word level, literal translation becomes increasingly difficult. When there is any kind of translation problem, literal translation is normally (though not always) out of the question.
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Literal Translation
The less context-bound the words (e.g. lists, contexttechnical terms, original metaphors and ‘unacceptable’ collocations) are, the more unacceptable’ likely a literal tran

slation becomes – while the more standard the collocations, colloquialisms 口语, 口语, and idioms are, the less likely a literal translation becomes. Inevitably, there is a proper place for literal translation as a procedure in all good translations.

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Literal Translation
the Milky Way 牛奶路？银河？ Every dog has his day. 人人都有得意之时。 It means killing two birds with one stone. 这意味着一石二鸟。(literal 这意味着一石二鸟。(literal translation) 这意味着一举两得。(free 这意味着一举两得。(free translation) 这意味着一箭双雕。(combination) 这意味着一箭双雕。(combination)

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Literal or Free?
I don't really know anything about you, because you and I are as different as chalk and cheese. 说实在的，你这人我一点也搞不懂。咱们不是一 说实在的，你这人我一点也搞不懂。咱们不是一 路人，就跟白土和奶酪不是一码事一样。 路人，就跟白土和奶酪不是一码事一样。 And the beauty of the pearl, winkling and glimmering in the light of the little candle, cozened his brain with its beauty. cozen: to trick or deceive someone 美丽的珍珠，在烛光下闪闪发亮，使人神往，令 人陶醉。
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Swearing嚷骂, curses诅咒, Swearing嚷骂, curses诅咒, disappointed sighs! With such a fine crop of cocoons蚕茧 the cocoons蚕茧 villagers had never dreamed that their lot would be even worse than usual! 全村子都是嚷骂，诅咒和失望的叹息；人们做梦 也想不到今年的“蚕花” 也想不到今年的“蚕花”好了，他们的日子却比 往年更加困难！ I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave her (my wife) my old age. 我把青春献给了海洋，我回家的时候便把老年给 了我的妻子。 我把青春献给了海洋，留给妻子的只剩/ 我把青春献给了海洋，留给妻子的只剩/有白发苍 苍的晚年。
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Such ideas often produce only false hopes and unnecessary fears. 这种想法常常只会产生虚假的/ 这种想法常常只会产生虚假的/不切实际的希望 和不必要的恐惧。 这种想法常常只会产生盲目乐观和不必要的恐 惧。 A divorced woman is likely to find herself in an unenviable position. 一个离婚的妇女是很可能发现自己处在一个不 令人羡慕的地位的。 离婚的女人很容易察觉自己会被人另眼相看。
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Young women are heading for an early grave through smoking and lack of exercise. 青年妇女通过抽烟和缺少运动，正在向一 个早期的坟墓奔去。 年轻女性抽烟且缺乏运动，无异于缩短自 己的寿命。

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Eager to trust but determined to verify, many single women in an age of risky romance are hiring private detectives侦探 to check the detectives侦探 background of their suitors求婚者. suitors求婚者. 急切地要信任却又下决心要核查，许多单身妇女 处在一个危险的年代，她们正雇佣私

人侦探来查 实追求她们的人的背景。 这个年月，谈情说爱处处有暗礁，许多单身女性 对向自己求婚的人既急于以身相许，又一定要核 查对方是否靠得住，于是就纷纷雇佣私人侦探去 查清对方的身世经历。

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I love my love with an E, because she’s enticing; she’ I hate her with an E, because she’s engaged. I she’ took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement, her name’s Emily, and name’ she lives in the east? (David Copperfield, XXII) (David XXII) 我爱我的爱人为了一个E，因为她是Enticing (迷人 我爱我的爱人为了一个E，因为她是Enticing (迷人 的)；我恨我的爱人为了一个E，因为她是Engaged ；我恨我的爱人为了一个E，因为她是Engaged (订了婚的)。我用我的爱人象征Exquisite(美妙)， 订了婚的)。我用我的爱人象征Exquisite(美妙) 我劝我的爱人从事Elopement (私奔) 我劝我的爱人从事Elopement (私奔)，她的名字是 Emily(爱弥丽)，她的住处在East (东方) Emily(爱弥丽)，她的住处在East (东方)？（董秋斯 译）

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I love my love with an E, because she’s enticing; she’ I hate her with an E, because she’s engaged. I she’ took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement, her name’s Emily, and name’ she lives in the east? (David Copperfield, XXII) 我爱我的所爱，因为她长得实在招人爱。我恨我 的所爱，因为她不回报我的爱。我带着她到挂着 浮荡子招牌的一家，和她谈情说爱。我请她看一 出潜逃私奔，为的是我和她能长久你亲我爱。她 的名儿叫爱弥丽，她的家住在爱河里。（张谷若 译）

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I love my love with an E, because she’s enticing; she’ I hate her with an E, because she’s engaged. I she’ took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement, her name’s Emily, and name’ she lives in the east? (David Copperfield, XXII) 我爱我的爱人，因为她很迷人；我恨我的爱人， 因已许配他人；她在我心中是美人，我带她私奔， 以避开外人；她名叫虞美人，是东方丽人。

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I love my love with an E, because she’s she’ enticing; I hate her with an E, because she’ she’s engaged. I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement, her name’s Emily, and she name’ lives in the east? (David Copperfield, XXII) 吾爱吾爱，因伊可爱；吾恨吾爱，因伊另 有所爱。吾视吾爱，神圣之爱，吾携吾爱， 私逃为爱；吾爱名爱米丽，吾东方之爱。

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I love my love with an E, because she’s she’ enticing; I hate her with an E, because she’ she’s engaged. I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement, her name’s Emily, and she lives name’ in the east? (David Copperfield, XXII) 我爱我的那个“ 我爱我的那个“丽”，可爱迷人

有魅力；我 恨我的那个“ 恨我的那个“丽”，要和他人结伉俪；她文 雅大方又美丽，和我出逃去有利；她芳名就 叫爱米丽，家住东方人俏丽。（马红军译）
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Summary
Free and literal translation as two types of translation have weaknesses and strengths and can be made use of for different purposes.

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